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1 ὀδάξ
ὀδάξ (vgl. ὀδούς, δάκνω), adv., beißend, mit den Zähnen; bes. ὀδὰξ ἕλον οὖδας, von den Sterbenden (vgl. ins Gras beißen), Il. 11, 749 u. öfter, wie Eur. γαῖαν ὀδὰξ ἑλόντες, Phoen. 1432; πάντες ὀδὰξ ἐν χείλεσι φύντες, Od. 1, 381, d. i. sie bissen fest mit den Zähnen in die Lippen, Ausdruck verhaltenes Ingrimms; διατρώξομαι ὀδὰξ τὸ δίκτυον Ar. Vesp. 164, u. öfter, u. Sp.
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2 ὀδάξ
Grammatical information: adv.Meaning: `with the teeth, to clench ones teeth' ( ὀδὰξ ἐν χείλεσι φύντες α 381 = σ 410 = υ 268; also Com., e.g. Ar. V. 164 διατρώξομαι τοίνυν ὀδὰξ τὸ δίκτυον); perh. in diff. meanings at three places of the Il. (e.g. Λ 749 ὀδὰξ ἕλον οὖδας; cf Χ 17, Β 418), cf. below.Derivatives: Beside it three verbs: 1. ὀδακ-τάζω (Call., A. R.), - τίζω (D. H.) `to bite, to gnaw' (cf. λακτίζω: λάξ); ἀδακτῶ κνήθομαι H. 2. ὀδάξ-ομαι, -ω, - άομαι (- έομαι), - άω, also ἀδάξομαι, - άομαι, fut. - ήσομαι, perf. ptc. ὠδαγμένος (S.), aor. ὠδάξατο (AP); ὠδάγμην ἐκνησάμην H. `to scratch oneself, to be itching, to be scratchy, to itch, to scratch, to gnaw'; ὀδάξει τοῖς ὀδοῦσι δάκνει H.; ὀδαγμός (ἀ-, S. Tr. 770), ὀδαξ-ησμός (Hp., Ph., Plu.) `itch', - ητικός (Poll.), - ώδης (Aret.) `scratchy, to cause itch'. -- 3. ἀδαχεῖ `scratches, itches' (Ar. Fr. 410), ἀδαχᾳ̃ κνᾳ̃, κνήθει κεφαλήν, ψηλαφᾳ̃ H.Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: Both ὀδακ-τάζω, - τίζω and ὀδάξει in H. can be derived from ὀδάξ `with the teeth'. But the earlier and better attested ὀδάξ-ομαι, - άομαι as well as ἀδαχ-εῖ, -ᾳ̃ deviate considerably in meaning. As for the oldest attestations of ὀδάξ (Il.) a meaning `with the teeth' is not directly evident (but it seems possible), Bechtel Lex. wants to render ὀδάξ in these places after ὀδάξομαι with `itching, scratching'; agreeing Wackernagel Unt. 157, WP. 1, 791, Hofmann Et. Wb. The later meaning `with the teeth' would have arisen from a folketymological connection with ὀδών and δάκνω. (The connection suggested by Bechtel (after Fick) with Germ., e.g. Os. bi-tengi `nahe an einen rührend' a.o. is not convincing however; cf. WP. l.c.) -- Whether ὀδάξ, if orig. `biting together, with the teeth' (on -ξ cf. λάξ w. lit.), started from ὀδών in connection with δάκνω or, the other way round, from δάκνω in connection with ὀδών, can hardly be decided; cf. beside the lit. in Bq and Bechtel also Güntert Reimwortbildungen 153, Winter Prothet. Vokal 22. Bechtel Lex. and Schwyzer-Debrunner 491 assume a prefix ὀ-, not very convincingly. The forms with ἀ- may rest on vowelassimilation (Schmidt KZ 32, 391 f.); the aspiration in ἀδαχ-ᾳ̃, - εῖ must not be explained as analogical (Schmidt l.c.; rejected by Bechtel). Cf. s.v. ἀδαγμός. So we can conclude that the orig. reading was ἀδαγ-; as the word was less well known, it was at one time replaced by ὀδ-.Page in Frisk: 2,348-349Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ὀδάξ
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3 ὀδάξ
ὀδάξ, Adv.A by biting with the teeth, ὀ. ἕλον οὖδας, of men in the agonies of death, Il.11.749, etc. ; soὀ. λαζοίατο γαῖαν 2.418
;γαῖαν ὀ. ἑλόντες E.Ph. 1423
; also ὀ. ἐν χείλεσι φύντες biting the lips in smothered rage, Od.1.381 : so in Com.,ἀποδάκνειν ὀ. Cratin.164
;διατρώξομαι ὀ. τὸ δίκτυον Ar.V. 164
; ὀ. ἔχεσθαι ib. 943 ; :— if κυνὸς ἄγριον ὀδάξ be correct in Diog.Cyn. ap. D.L.6.79, ὀδάξ must be taken either as tooth or as bite.
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